My research primarily focuses on the study of structure, dynamics, and spectroscopic response of nanostructured materials. Much of my research activity has been devoted to the new class of 2D layered materials, a rapidly evolving field driven by their exceptional physico-chemical properties which also serves as an important playground for experimenting with new capabilities in microscopy, spectroscopy, and theoretical methods. Within my research, I have investigated various 2D systems such as boron nitride, graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides focusing on defect structures, their formation mechanisms, chemical activity, electronic properties and spectroscopic response with a particular focus on excitonic effects. Beyond 2D materials, my research has over the years explored also a wider range of topics, including the physics of multiferroic heterostructures, functional oxides, and semiconductor systems. Bridging electron microscopy, spectroscopies and first principle based simulations has been a guiding principle of all my research activity. This dual theoretical and experimental approach synergistically enhances both aspects, enabling precise interpretation of experimental results and validation of theoretical models.